Ursus etruscus Cuvier, 1823 from the Early Pleistocene of Monte Argentario (Southern Tuscany, Central Italy)
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چکیده
Ursus etruscus fossils have been recovered in the Monte Argentario site (late Villafranchian, Early Pleistocene, Tuscany). Teeth and bones show the typical morphology of the Etruscan bear. The occurrence of this species in the Early Pleistocene Monte Argentario faunal assemblage and other coeval sites (i.e. Pirro Nord) is very important in the framework of the Early Pleistocene biochronology. The occurrence of Etruscan bear at Monte Argentario and Pirro Nord confirms that Ursus etruscus persists in the Early Pleistocene assemblages, representing therefore an European carnivore coexisting with new taxa dispersing from Africa and Asia. RIASSUNTO [Ursus etruscus Cuvier, 1823 del Pleistocene Inferiore del Monte Argentario (Grosseto, Toscana Meridionale, Italia Centrale)] Alcuni resti fossili di urside furono rinvenuti durante la metà del secolo scorso nel sito del Villafranchiano superiore (Pleistocene Inferiore) di Monte Argentario (Toscana). I reperti fossili sono conservati presso la sede dell’Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana (IsIPU, Roma) e catalogati come Ursus cf. Ursus etruscus. L’intera collezione fossilifera dell’IsIPU è in corso di studio e di revisione, con il restauro e la preparazione del materiale in alcuni casi ancora inglobato nelle brecce fossilifere. Contemporaneamente, nuove attività di indagine sono pianificate per il 2009, in accordo con la Soprintendenza Archeologica per la Toscana. Il confronto del campione di Monte Argentario con il materiale di Ursus etruscus proveniente da vari siti (Olivola, Valdarno superiore, Pietrafitta e Pirro Nord), ha consentito di attribuire a questa specie anche i resti di Monte Argentario. La presenza dell’orso etrusco in questo ed in altri siti coevi (Pirro Nord) è molto importante nel quadro biocronologico e in quello paleobiogeografico del Pleistocene Inferiore italiano ed europeo. Questa specie, che ha caratterizzato il Villafranchiano superiore europeo, perdura sino alla fine del Pleistocene Inferiore, ed era ancora presente quando sono avvenuti importanti eventi di dispersione faunistica che hanno portato in Europa taxa dai continenti africano e asiatico. 03.p65 27/10/09, 15.29 89 90 Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 48 (2), 2009 MATERIALS AND METHODS The material from Monte Argentario has been compared to fossils stored in the following institutions: Museum of Geology and Palaeontology of the University of Florence, Earth Science Department of the University of Florence, Earth Science Department of SapienzaUniversity of Rome, Earth Science Department of Turin University, “Senckenberg Forschungstation für Quartärpaläontologie” (Weimar), “Museo De Prehistoria Y Paleontología” of Orce (Granada), Naturhistorisches Museum (Basel). Standard measurements of craniodental and postcranial anatomical (Tab. 1) elements have been taken with digital calliper, following standards suggested by von den Driesch (1976).
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